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November/December 2003

Figure 1. Minimum surface of conductor insulation distances (surface gap) requried at GTO cable points of emergence from conduit or tubing

Neon Secondary Circuits Over 1000

[ 0 ] By  |  November 28, 2003  |  IAEI November-December 2003

Neon lighting requires ignition of gas in processed tubing with higher voltages. Voltages in the required ranges are developed by transformation from a primary (low voltage) circuit input to a secondary (high voltage) output. The voltages are produced by appropriate neon transformers or power supplies. The supply chosen is directly related to three key factors, [...]

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Figure 1. Separate building or structure supplied by a single-branch circuit

Three Chiefs Come Full Circle on Parallel Paths and End on a Tangent

[ 0 ] By  |  November 28, 2003  |  IAEI November-December 2003

NEC AND FIELD PROBLEM Prior to the 1999 edition of the National Electrical Code, Section 250-24(a), Two or More Buildings or Structures Supplied from a Common Service, basically required a feeder from the first building to be treated as service-entrance conductors at the second building. The neutral conductor was required to be bonded to the [...]

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Figure 1. Circuit diagram for carbonized path arc clearing time test

Arc-fault Circuit Interrupters – A Critical NEC 2005 Issue

[ 0 ] By  |  November 28, 2003  |  IAEI November-December 2003

During 2003, many AFCI articles and comments have appeared in IAEI News. This publication activity is associated with the actions taken by code-making panel 2 on the more than 60 proposals received relative to Section 210.12 of the NEC. In particular, CMP-2 has proposed a revision that would require protection by a combination AFCI. This [...]

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Photo 1. Ball impact test: A two-pound ball swinging on a pendulum is used to test devices that must withstand greater abuse, such as a hospital grade receptacle

Staying Ahead of the Curve

[ 0 ] By  |  November 28, 2003  |  IAEI November-December 2003

These are challenging times for the electrical inspection community, safety organizations such as Underwriters Laboratories, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, and electrical device manufacturers. As proof, just look at the electrical infrastructure inside today’s homes. New homes are getting bigger and bigger, and a wider variety of electrical products are being installed in these homes [...]

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Figure 1. No area protection with ungrounded engine generator set providing power to the load

Grounding of Alternate Power


When engine generator sets are used as an alternate source of power (i.e., emergency or standby power), it is essential that they be properly grounded and that associated transfer switches be properly selected. This is necessary to assure safety of personnel, protection of equipment, reliable ground-fault sensing and continuity of power to electrical loads. Unique [...]

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Delayed Accident Investigations

[ 0 ] By  |  November 28, 2003  |  IAEI November-December 2003

About twenty times each year, I am consulted on accidents involving our electric power delivery system. Most of them are accidents involving property damage. The following are some examples of this type of accident: a house fire that appears to be of electrical origin, a truck is damaged when hitting wires, a truck hits a [...]

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What UL Standard is used to evaluate portable power distribution units used at construction sites?


Question: Portable power distribution unit What UL Standard is used to evaluate portable power distribution units used at construction sites? How can I identify these products?

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Did UL change the requirements for ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs)?


Question: Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) Did UL change the requirements for ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs)?

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How is a user to know how to install Listed “manufactured wiring systems” and how are they labeled?


Question: Manufactured wiring systems How is a user to know how to install Listed “manufactured wiring systems” and how are they labeled?

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Reduced Size Taps Rule 14-100, Reduced Wiring Ampacities

[ 0 ] By  |  November 27, 2003  |  IAEI November-December 2003

This article will discuss Rule 14-100, which specifies the minimum requirements for reductions in wire sizes. Splitter box connections are among the most common applications of Rule 14-100, where conductor sizes are reduced to current ratings below the fuse or circuit-breaker settings protecting the larger conductors. Rule 14-100 begins by stating the obvious — that [...]

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