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May/June 2005
Inspectors are more and more frequently faced with permitting or inspecting PV systems as these systems proliferate throughout the country due to increasing regional financial incentive programs. Photovoltaic power is a relatively young technology and industry. While well-qualified people are installing many excellent, code-compliant PV systems, others are designing and installing these systems with little [...]
National Electrical Installation Standards (NEIS) are the first quality and performance standards for electrical construction. Since the National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA) began publishing them in 1998, NEIS have grown into a series of 28 installation manuals covering every type of electrical product and system (see sidebar 1). They are available in three formats: as [...]
Executive Summary: Manufacturers, distributors, and electrical contractors build enduring relationships by supplying quality, dependable electrical products that they are all prepared to stand behind. The introduction of counterfeit electrical products into the marketplace alters that relationship substantially. It places the distributor or contractor in a risky legal position that could leave the distributor or contractor [...]
This article deals with abandoned, low-voltage communications cabling in building structures, and the serious fire hazard concerns that prompted the 2002 National Electrical Code to require the removal of abandoned cable. The article was written with the goal of encouraging electrical inspectors and other AHJs to enforce code compliance. In just the past 12 months [...]
For over a century, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) has been developing safety standards. UL recognized early that while testing and certification services are important, it is equally important to devote resources to developing sound technical requirements to be used as a basis for product certification. Due to its century of involvement in standards development and [...]
The electrical industry has always had a fascination with testers. There are testers for GFCIs, voltage drop, circuit polarity, circuit continuity and now the latest addition—the arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) tester. NEC 210.12 requires AFCIs on 15- and 20-ampere branch circuits that supply bedrooms in dwelling units. The intent of the AFCI is to detect [...]
Electrical Shock An estimated 58 people lose their life each week as a result of electric shock. In an electrical system, the grounding and bonding system is the primary protection against electrical shock hazards. It provides a low resistance path to ground to protect against electrical faults. The effective ground-fault current path ensures facilitation of [...]
Article 725 in the NEC covers signaling systems and remote control systems. These types of systems are not always easily distinguished from each other because applications of signaling and remote control circuits tend to overlap. In fact, some systems or circuits often perform both functions. For this reason, the rules in Article 725 and the [...]
Lightning strikes the United States as many as 20 million times each year. Because lightning traditionally causes more deaths than tornadoes or hurricanes and occurs when outdoor activity reaches a peak, the Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI) and the Lightning Protection Institute (LPI) are reminding consumers and those who work outdoors of these lightning safety [...]
Most of my training in college was in electronics. When I graduated in 1971, most of the electronics companies were not hiring so I took a job with the local electric utility until I could find a job in electronics. Thirty-three years later, I’m still with the utility. Over the years working for an electric [...]