Most of us have seen or read something about the figure commonly known as the fire triangle (oxygen, heat, and fuel), which is a working model to illustrate and to help one understand the ingredients necessary for most fires. There is another odd triangle that contributes to most electrocutions associated with the swimming pool environment. [...]
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Between the 2006 Canadian Electrical Code and the new 2009 edition in Section 68 we have six rule changes, one Appendix B change, and one Table change. The intent of this article is to detail these changes along with rationale for the changes. First is Subrule 68-054 (2), the words “other elevated surfaces associated with [...]
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Wonderful though electricity was in its early days as a miraculous source of light and power, installations did seem to have a habit of catching fire rather too often. In 1896, a young Swiss professor, François Borel, who was researching ways of improving cables, filed a patent for an all-mineral-insulated fire-resistant cable. But it was [...]
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The common thread throughout the first two articles in this series has been the need for electrical inspectors to be armed with the facts to counter challenges to electrical safety. Knowing the facts better enables inspectors to perform high-quality inspections that benefit the installer or electrical contractor, end users and the local jurisdiction. It also [...]
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In our top-to-bottom perspective of a photovoltaic (PV) system, we are still on the dc circuits from the PV array and are approaching the inverter. There are always a few details that get overlooked in designing, installing and inspecting these systems. The Conductors We have noted previously that single-conductor, exposed cables (type USE-2 or the [...]
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With the eventual depletion of natural resources and the uncertain international situation, there is an increasing worldwide need for green, sustainable, energy efficient, stylish and affordable mechanical/electrical systems. Of the three disciplines now regulated by the national ASHRAE / IESNA / ANSI1 Standard 90.1 (the United States’ energy standard for other than low-rise residential buildings, [...]
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Significant growth in optional standby systems for commercial applications is being driven by the demand for electrical power to be present that will ensure continuity of business activities. Concerns stem from weather related outages to other reliability issues that can result in the loss of electric utility of a building, communication center, or process. Loss [...]
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Next year we will commemorate the fortieth anniversary of the U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Since its creation, overall workplace fatalities have been cut by more than 60 percent and occupational injury and illness rates have declined by 40 percent. All of this occurred during an era of unprecedented growth [...]
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Rule 36-110 refers us to Canadian Electrical Code Table 33, Horizontal Clearances from Adjacent Structures, and to Table 34, Vertical Clearances for Overhead Lines, to provide minimum safety clearances for installations operating in excess of 750 volts. Table 33 provides minimum horizontal clearances between high voltage conductors and buildings. Table 34 provides minimum ground clearances [...]
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There are some subjects in the Canadian Electrical Code that often become a source of heated discussions by the users. Selection of dry type transformers and selection of a proper rating of the transformers’ circuits is one of such controversial subjects. So, let’s try to clarify this seemingly complex issue. First of all, we need [...]
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IAEI, as the keystone of the electrical industry, is a membership driven, non-profit association promoting electrical safety throughout the industry by providing premier education, certification of inspectors, advocacy, partnerships and expert leadership in Electrical Codes and Standards development.
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