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July-August 2011
Not just in print, the current issue of IAEI News is now available online. July/August 2011 is available now for you to flick through from cover to cover online! Try it out and give us your feedback. We would love to know what you think.
A transformer is an electromagnetic device without any moving parts that allows for changes in voltage, current, and impedance. The goal of an ac power network is to generate a voltage on the generation side, step up the voltage for long distance transmission on the transmission side, and then step down the voltage for distribution to the load on the distribution side.
This is the part of the NEC where new code students often start to become confused. It is essential to clearly explain the difference between grounded and grounding, and then find a way to etch this into the student’s mind so he or she will not confuse or misuse the terms. Therefore, we will go into detail to clearly identify the difference between the two terms.
The purpose of this article is to consider the requirements for bonding in 2011 NEC 250.104, Bonding of Piping Systems and Exposed Structural Steel.
We will see how AC became the king of transmission and how DC, which many thought had met its demise, actually became the king of the appliance and equipment world; and how, while unknown to many, both types are used equally for the most part and have become close partners, sharing an almost symbiotic relationship with each other.
When you invest, you take some risks. While you can’t totally avoid these risks, you can take steps to help reduce their impact and increase your comfort level. And the more comfortable you are with your investments, the easier it will be to follow a long-term strategy that can help you meet your goals.
A parallel exists in the world of safety. Organizations with great safety records do not wait until an accident or tragedy befalls them or someone else before they act. Safety leaders know that they must always be diligent and never take for granted the good fortune of their safety performance.
The NEC in sections 705.12(D) / 690.64(B) allows utility-interactive photovoltaic inverters to be connected on the load side of the service disconnect. This requirement has been in the Code since the late 1980s when PV Article 690 first appeared. Except for a slight change in 2008, the requirement has been largely unchanged. A critical examination of the requirement and how it can be applied as well as various proposals that have been rejected over the years may yield insights on what is needed in the future.
Good workmanship requires that the professional electrician make sure that equipment is suitable for the installation and used in ways that comply with applicable codes and job requirements. Since most electrical equipment must be physically connected by some form of conductor, those connections are critical to the long-term reliability and safety of the installed electrical system. Developing good connection techniques and understanding what makes a good connection are the hallmarks of a professional electrician.
Rule 14-100 has requirements for reducing wire sizes connected to splitters, junction boxes and for control circuits such as pushbutton stations. The rule prescribes the minimum construction requirements for mechanical protection and maximum unprotected lengths of conductors so as to produce a safe installation. The rule is consistent in its overall requirements except for Sub-rule 100(d), which appears to be totally at odds with the remainder of the rule.